Chest and Abdomen

Chest Expected findings:
Evident xiphoid process Equal anteroposterior and lateral diameter	Bilateral synchronous chest movement Symmetrical nipples
Common variations:
"Witch's milk" Enlarged breasts Accessory nipples	Photo used with permission*
Signs of potential distress or deviations from expected findings:
Asymmetrical chest movements Sternum depressed Marked retractions Absent breast tissue	Flattened chest Supernumerary nipples Nipples widely spaced Bowel sounds auscultated
Abdomen Expected findings:
Dome-shaped abdomen Abdominal respirations Soft to palpation Well formed umbilical cord Three vessels in cord Cord dry at base	Liver papable 2 - 3 cms below right costal margin Bilaterally equal femoral pulses Bowel sounds auscultated within two hours of birth Voiding within 24 hours of birth Meconium within 24 - 48 hours of birth
Common variations: Small umbilical hernia
Signs of potential distress or deviations from expected findings:
Bowel sounds absent Peristaltic waves visible Abdominal distention Palpable masses	Scaphoid-shaped abdomen Omphalocele Base of cord with redness or drainage Cord with two vessels
* Photo used with permission of Mead Johnson (1978). Variations and Minor Departures in Infants. Nutritional Division Mead Johnson & company, Evansville, Indiana.