Female and Male Genitalia

Female Genitalia

Expected findings:

• Edematous labia and clitoris
• Labia majora are larger and surrounding labia minora
• Vernix between labia

Common variations:

• Hymenal tag
• Pseudomenstruation
• Smegma
• Increased pigmentation
• Ecchymosis and edema after breech birth
• "Red brick" pink-stained urine due to uric acid crystals

Signs of potential distress or deviations from expected findings:

• Labia fused
• Fecal discharge from vaginal opening
• Imperforate hymen
• Ambiguous genitalia
• Widely separated labia

Male Genitalia

Expected findings:

• Urinary meatus at tip of glans penis
• Palpable testes in scrotum
• Large, edematous, pendulous scrotum, with rugae
• Smegma beneath prepuce
• Stream adequate on voiding

Common variations:

• Prepuce covering urinary meatus
• Erections
• Increased pigmentation
• Edema and ecchymosis after breech delivery

Signs of potential distress or deviations from expected findings:

• Non palpable testes
• Hypospadius
• Epispadius
• Scrotum smooth
• Ambiguous genitalia